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Hayreddin Pasha
Hayreddin Pasha ( ''Khayr ed-Din Pasha et-Tunsi''; ; (トルコ語:Tunuslu Hayreddin Paşa); 1820 – 30 January 1890) was an Tunisian-Ottoman politician who was born to a Circassian family. First serving as Beylerbeyi of Ottoman Tunisia, he later achieved the high post of Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. He was an Ottoman Tunisian political reformer during a period of growing European ascendancy.
==Youth in Abkhazia & Turkey==
Of Abaza origin, Hayreddin was born in Abkhazia into "a family of warrior notables". His father Hassan Leffch, a local chieftain, died fighting against a Russian attack on the city of Sukhumi. Thereafter as a young orphan Hayreddin was sold into slavery, then still a familiar event for Circassian youth.〔Bondage was "not an unusual fate given that his people had supplied slave markets for centuries." Clancy-Smith (2011) at 320. She gives the date of his birth as 1822.〕 At Istanbul, however, he was eventually traded into a prestigious household, that of the notable Tahsin Bey, a Cypriot Ottoman who was the ''naqib al-ashraf'' (head of the Prophet's descendants) and ''qadi al-'askar'' (chief judge of the army) of Anatolia, and a poet.
Tahsin Bey moved the boy to his country palace at Kanlica near the Bosporus, where he became the childhood companion of the Bey's son for a span of years. Khayr al-Din received a "first-rate education" which included the Islamic curriculum, also the Turkish language, and perhaps French; yet he was not raised as a mamluk. Following "the son's tragic premature death" Khayr al-Din was again sold, in Istanbul by Tahsin Bey to an envoy of Ahmed Bey of Tunis. This new uprooting would obviously provoke emotional turmoil in Khayr al-Din, then about 17 years old. Soon he was on board a ship bound for Africa.〔Clancy-Smith (2011), at chap. 9, "Khayr al-Din al-Tunisi and a Mediterranean community of thought", 315-341, at 319-320. Apparently Prof. Clancy-Smith relies on his memoirs and on Van Krieken (1976).〕〔Cf., Brown at 29-30, in Khayr al-Din (1967). Prof. Brown infers in much more general terms a similar background. Noting that "many sources say he was born in 1810" Prof. Brown nonetheless states "he was probably born between 1820 and 1825."〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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